As individuals grow older, concerns about their health often increase. Both physical and mental functioning can be impacted to varying extents depending on one's age, medical history, and lifestyle choices. While most people experience some decline in memory and cognition with aging, others may develop dementia or Alzheimer's disease and face greater challenges. Despite the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, there are still misunderstandings about how it develops and what living with the condition entails. What exactly is Alzheimer's disease? This article highlights ten crucial facts about Alzheimer's that can aid in better recognizing and comprehending the illness. 1. Alzheimer's Disease Is Not the Sole Cause of Memory Deterioration Upon encountering substantial memory impairments in later life, several individuals might hastily assume they have Alzheimer's disease. However, it is crucial to be mindful of other conditions that can lead to memory issues . Vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia are all different forms of dementia linked to memory difficulties. Additionally, factors such as thyroid issues, low blood sugar levels, infections, and even depression can contribute to memory problems, which may improve with proper treatment. 2. The Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease Is Growing A special report on Alzheimer's facts and figures published in 2020 revealed that approximately 6 million Americans are estimated to have this condition. Given the current diagnostic rates, this number is expected to increase, potentially affecting nearly 14 million Americans by 2050. Although the majority of diagnoses occur at age 65 or older, there are around 200,000 Americans who develop early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease ranks as the seventh primary cause of death in the United States. The disease itself does not cause death directly; rather, it is the associated health complications that often lead to fatalities. Moreover, the deterioration of one's ability to independently care for oneself also adds to the annual death rates. These rising numbers, along with other forms of dementia, pose ongoing challenges for the healthcare system. Statistics on Alzheimer's disease show that around 16.1 million people in America assist in caring for those with this condition or another form of dementia. This support is often provided by unpaid caregivers, typically family members or friends who voluntarily take on the responsibility. The collective caregiving effort in the nation amounts to roughly 18.4 billion hours . If this care were compensated, the total payments would amount to around $232 billion. In general, treating and caring for Alzheimer's patients is expensive, and these costs continue to escalate over time. 3. Alzheimer's Disease Impacts More Than Just Memory Alzheimer's disease is commonly associated with memory issues. In fact, memory decline is often one of the initial symptoms and a prominent aspect of the disorder. However, other cognitive function alterations also take place. Individuals affected by Alzheimer's consistently face various challenges. For example, they may struggle with concentration, easily become confused, experience increased frustration, mood swings, and exhibit other mental health symptoms like anxiety and depression . Additionally, there might be physical complications like loss of coordination. 4. Alzheimer's Disease Advances in Stages Alzheimer's symptoms typically begin mildly and gradually worsen over time, eventually becoming more severe. As a result, the disease is categorized into stages. In the early stages, memory issues are often the most prominent problem, such as forgetting details or misplacing items. As the decline persists, additional cognitive difficulties emerge, making it increasingly challenging for individuals to plan, organize, and remember crucial dates or information. Over time, tasks like conversing and solving mathematical problems may become more complicated. Ultimately, a person with Alzheimer's might lose the ability to care for themselves, often leading to referrals to long-term care facilities. 5. A Blend of Factors May Heighten the Risk of Alzheimer’s The exact cause behind an individual's likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain for physicians. It appears that the disorder stems from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research indicates that when there is a familial history of Alzheimer's, the probability of acquiring the condition increases. If relatives have experienced Alzheimer's in their older years, then your risk may also rise. This seems to be connected to specific genetic mutations. Additionally, some life events might contribute to an increased risk. Studies reveal that a head injury sustained earlier in life is associated with a higher probability of developing Alzheimer's. In addition to heart disease being the primary cause of death in the US, health issues like high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease are also connected to a greater risk of Alzheimer's. Individuals with these chronic conditions may face a lifelong risk of acquiring this disease in their later years. Ensuring good heart health is crucial to maintaining wellbeing as one grows older. 6. Alzheimer's Results from Neuronal Damage Caused by Two Mechanisms While the root causes of Alzheimer's disease are intricate and not yet fully understood, researchers have gained insight into the compromised neurological processes that can lead to Alzheimer's symptoms. One such process involves the protein tau unraveling, forming twisted strands that develop into neurofibrillary tangles. These structures not only cause disruptions, but the misaligned tau also prevents the efficient transportation of nutrients to nerve cells. Deprived of essential nutrients, nerve cells ultimately die. Furthermore, protein fragments known as beta-amyloid begin to accumulate and form clusters called plaques between nerve cells. These plaques obstruct the signaling pathways between the brain's nerve cells, resulting in impaired communication. 7. Alzheimer's Disease Typically Begins in the Hippocampus Studies have shown that the brain consists of numerous regions, each responsible for controlling different functions or contributing to various abilities. The limbic system, which deals with emotions, also appears to play a significant role in memory. Specifically, within this system, the hippocampus is the part of the brain that transfers information into long-term memory. Findings from brain scans indicate that the damage associated with tangles and plaques typically originates near the hippocampus and later spreads to other parts of the brain. Consequently, memory loss is often the earliest symptom of Alzheimer's disease . 8. Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease Can Be Challenging When dementia or Alzheimer's is suspected, a doctor will carry out numerous tests and evaluations to establish a diagnosis . However, no definitive method exists to conclusively diagnose Alzheimer's disease. Rather, doctors eliminate other potential conditions, diagnosing Alzheimer's only when no other condition could be responsible for the symptoms. This approach enables the individual to commence treatment. Following the patient's death, the diagnosis can be officially confirmed through an autopsy where brain samples are examined under a microscope for the presence of tangles and plaques. 9. Alzheimer's Disease Is Treatable, But Incurable Alzheimer's is a progressive condition that deteriorates over time, with no known cure. The disease's progression cannot be slowed down once it begins, as the formation of tangles and plaques continues. Although science has yet to discover a solution, several treatments can help alleviate the symptoms' progression. Various medications target the brain and its neurotransmitters, enabling individuals to maintain their independence and quality of life. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new medication. Scientists persistently seek new treatments and medical advancements. For instance, research on statins and Alzheimer's has yielded mixed results. Statins might be beneficial due to their reduction of cardiovascular disease, and they appear most effective for vascular dementia. However, it remains uncertain if this treatment will consistently help those with Alzheimer's. In some instances, it exacerbates confusion and cognitive issues, but researchers continue exploring potential advantages. The Alzheimer's Association is a leading nonprofit organization that funds innovative research to discover possible treatments and, ultimately, prevent or cure the disease. 10. Alzheimer's Disease May Be Preventable While there is no guaranteed way to prevent Alzheimer's disease, strategies exist to lower the risk of developing the disorder. Studies have demonstrated that physical activity is advantageous as it boosts blood flow and prevents other health issues that could increase the risk of the disease. A nutritious diet is also beneficial. Adequate sleep helps support cognitive functioning, including memory. Moderate alcohol consumption and avoiding smoking are advised. Engaging the mind, maintaining social connections, and caring for mental health are also crucial steps. Lastly, receiving proper medical care is essential. Online Therapy Through ReachLink Adapting to the normal aging process can be challenging, and coping with the symptoms of considerable memory loss or other significant changes can be even more demanding. Qualified therapists can assist those with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers in handling the physical, cognitive, psychological, and emotional changes that accompany the disorder. If you are struggling with adjusting to aging, coping with an Alzheimer's diagnosis, or assuming a dementia-care role, consider seeking therapy locally or through online counseling via the ReachLink platform. Caring for someone with Alzheimer's often requires frequent presence, which can make it difficult to tend to your own needs, including mental health. Online therapy offers a more convenient way to access the therapeutic support you require. You can connect via video calls, phone calls, or in-app messaging, all from the comfort of your home. The Efficacy of Online Therapy Numerous individuals turn to therapy to cope with the grief, depression, and anxiety associated with an Alzheimer's diagnosis. Family members or unpaid caregivers often benefit from counseling support as well. One study evaluated the effectiveness of a telehealth behavioral coaching intervention for caregivers of individuals with neurocognitive disorders, including dementia. The research found that caregivers exhibited reduced depressive symptoms, less distress following disruptive behaviors, and overall improved positive mood states. Additionally, caregivers reported an increased sense of self-efficacy in their ability to offer support. A decline in physical and cognitive abilities is a natural aspect of aging. However, if these changes are severe and hinder your daily functioning, they might signal a more serious condition like Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. Having insight into these Alzheimer's disease facts can help you better recognize the symptoms you or a loved one may exhibit, allowing you to seek medical support when necessary. If you receive an Alzheimer's dementia diagnosis from your primary care physician, consulting with an online therapist may contribute to maintaining mental health while living with Alzheimer's, and assist you in navigating the treatment and caregiving journey.