Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized or evaluated by others. Some of the related disorders in the DSM-5 include:

• Specific Phobia: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as heights or flying.
• Panic Disorder: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks.
• Agoraphobia: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear or anxiety of being in situations or places where escape might be difficult or embarrassing.

The signs and symptoms of social anxiety disorder may include:

• Intense fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized or evaluated by others
• Fear of public speaking or performing in front of others
• Avoiding social situations or events
• Difficulty initiating or maintaining conversations
• Fear of being judged, criticized, or rejected by others
• Physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling, or blushing
• Difficulty functioning in work, school, or social situations
• Excessive self-consciousness or self-criticism

To diagnose social anxiety disorder, a mental health professional will typically conduct a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical exam and psychological assessment. The professional will ask about the person's symptoms, medical history, and any history of anxiety or mental health conditions. A diagnosis requires that the symptoms meet the criteria outlined in the DSM-5.

The causes of social anxiety disorder are not fully understood, but may include genetic factors, brain chemistry, and environmental factors such as upbringing and life experiences.

Treatment for social anxiety disorder typically involves a combination of therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or exposure therapy, can help individuals learn coping skills and address negative thought patterns related to social situations. Medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of anxiety. Lifestyle changes, such as getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise, can also be helpful in managing symptoms.