Separation Anxiety Disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures, such as parents, caregivers, or loved ones. Some of the related disorders in the DSM-5 include:

• Selective Mutism: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations, despite being able to speak in other situations.
• Specific Phobia: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as spiders or heights.
• Social Anxiety Disorder: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized or evaluated by others.

The signs and symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder may include:

• Excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures
• Refusing to be alone or without attachment figures
• Difficulty sleeping alone or away from attachment figures
• Nightmares or other sleep disturbances related to separation
• Physical symptoms such as headaches or stomachaches when separation is anticipated or occurs
• Refusal to attend school or engage in other activities away from attachment figures

To diagnose Separation Anxiety Disorder, a mental health professional will typically conduct a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical exam and psychological assessment. The professional will ask about the person's symptoms, medical history, and any history of anxiety or mental health conditions. A diagnosis requires that the symptoms meet the criteria outlined in the DSM-5.

The causes of Separation Anxiety Disorder are not fully understood, but may include genetic factors, brain chemistry, and environmental factors such as parenting style and life experiences.

Treatment for Separation Anxiety Disorder typically involves a combination of therapy and lifestyle changes. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or family therapy, can help individuals learn coping skills and address negative thought patterns related to separation anxiety. Medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of anxiety. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a regular routine, creating a comforting sleep environment, and engaging in relaxation techniques, can also be helpful in managing symptoms.