Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses (obsessions) that cause significant anxiety or distress, and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that are performed to alleviate that anxiety. OCD can significantly impact an individual's daily functioning and quality of life.

Common obsessions in OCD may include concerns about contamination or germs, doubts about one's actions or decisions, and aggressive or sexual thoughts. Compulsions may include repetitive behaviors such as cleaning, counting, or checking, as well as mental rituals such as repeating phrases or prayers.

Diagnosing OCD typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional, who will assess an individual's symptoms and level of functioning. This may include a review of an individual's personal and family history, as well as any environmental or situational factors that may be contributing to their symptoms.

The causes of OCD are complex and multifactorial. Genetics, environmental factors, and life experiences can all contribute to the development of OCD. Traumatic life events, such as abuse or loss of a loved one, can also trigger or worsen OCD symptoms.

Treatment for OCD typically involves a combination of medication and therapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used to manage symptoms of anxiety and obsessions. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, including exposure and response prevention, is also a highly effective treatment for OCD. This involves gradually exposing an individual to their feared thoughts or situations and helping them learn to tolerate the anxiety without engaging in compulsive behaviors.