Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition characterized by a preoccupation with perceived flaws or defects in one's appearance that are either minor or nonexistent. The individual with BDD often spends a great deal of time checking, grooming, or attempting to conceal their perceived flaws, which can interfere with their daily life and functioning. BDD is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder.

The signs and symptoms of BDD can include persistent and intrusive thoughts or preoccupations with perceived flaws or defects, excessive time spent checking or grooming, social isolation or avoidance, and anxiety and depression related to the perceived flaw. The individual with BDD may also engage in repetitive behaviors such as skin picking, hair pulling, or cosmetic procedures to try to "fix" the perceived flaw.

Diagnosing BDD typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional. The clinician will assess the individual's history, symptoms, and family history, as well as rule out any medical or substance-related causes of the symptoms. They may also use standardized rating scales to measure the severity of symptoms and impairment.

The causes of BDD are not entirely understood, but research suggests that genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Trauma, abuse, or other adverse life experiences may contribute to the development of BDD in some individuals. Additionally, societal and cultural pressures to conform to certain beauty standards may contribute to the development and maintenance of BDD.

Treatment for BDD typically involves a combination of medication and therapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a type of antidepressant medication, can be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression related to BDD. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), including exposure and response prevention (ERP), can also be helpful in managing symptoms, improving coping skills, and addressing issues related to self-esteem and body image.