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Plato and Aristotle, two ancient Greek philosophers, have left enduring ideas that continue to shape the contemporary world. Broadly, Plato asserted that individuals could attain happiness through moral conduct and adherence to the fundamental values of temperance, fortitude, prudence, and justice. In contrast, Aristotle, Plato's disciple, viewed happiness as life's ultimate objective, attainable through virtuous living and the application of critical thinking and reasoning skills. Translating these philosophical perspectives into practical life advice involves adopting guiding principles, living in the present, setting realistic goals, and pursuing a balanced existence. Seeking support from a licensed therapist, either in-person or online, may also contribute to the pursuit of happiness. Plato , credited with establishing the Academy, is seen as a pivotal figure shaping the contemporary world. Despite the enigma surrounding his life, his enduring works have persisted for millennia. As an instructor, he played a crucial role in the education of numerous individuals, notably Aristotle, widely regarded as his most renowned disciple. Aristotle , who entered Plato's Academy in his youth and remained a student for two decades, is acknowledged for his significant impact on Western philosophical values. Much like Plato, Aristotle's enduring contributions endure, continuing to shape modern societal perspectives. Plato expressed his views on happiness in The Republic, asserting that true happiness is attained by individuals who exhibit moral conduct and adhere to the four fundamental virtues. According to him, these virtues are not inherent but can be cultivated through deliberate practice until they become ingrained habits. The four cardinal values typically encompass the following: Temperance typically involves practicing moderation in one's desires and navigating a middle path between extremes of excess and deficiency. It entails exercising restraint in actions and maintaining a state of balance. For instance, Plato might assess an individual who abstains from alcohol similarly to someone who indulges excessively in drinking. Fortitude , also referred to as courage, can be defined as an inner strength demonstrated in the face of challenges. When displaying courage, one is capable of resisting temptations and overcoming obstacles, exhibiting tenacity and determination in the midst of difficulties. Individuals possessing fortitude tend to persist and endure, making it an essential element in achieving goals and contributing to overall happiness. Prudence typically entails exercising rationality and employing that rationality for self-regulation. Individuals who experience contentment may possess the ability to assess themselves and opt for morally upright actions. They may practice mindfulness, derive lessons from their errors, and actively endeavor to enhance themselves. Justice , as outlined by Plato, deviates somewhat from our conventional understanding of the term. It is typically the most conceptual among virtues. According to Plato, justice can be perceived as striking a balance between selflessness and selfishness. He generally posited that individuals should pursue their own desires, yet concurrently find importance in contributing to the well-being and prosperity of those in their proximity. In summary, Plato's overarching perspective was that a content individual possesses principles and remains steadfast in adhering to them. Aristotle extensively discussed the concept of happiness, emphasizing it as life's ultimate objective attainable through virtuous living. According to him, cultivating innate virtues and acquiring new ones is key to virtuous living, enabling individuals to make wise choices and ultimately experience a joyful existence. Aristotle posited that humanity might have a purpose, possibly centered around the faculty of reason. Distinguishing us from other beings, our self-awareness and critical thinking abilities set us apart. Aristotle advocated the use of reason for achieving happiness and leading a virtuous life. Plato and Aristotle both endorsed the concept of adhering to a set of values to attain happiness. They also advocated finding a balanced middle path between excess and deficiency in one's actions. What Insights Can We Gain From the Teachings of Plato and Aristotle? While Aristotle and Plato are not beyond error, their teachings hold relevance for a broad audience. Reflecting on their philosophies can be a means to enhance your life, and several approaches to achieve this are outlined below: Embrace Your Principles Possibly, you possess a set of moral guidelines, though you might not have thoroughly contemplated them. Reflect on your notions of right and wrong, and adhere to them. Upholding your principles could contribute to a sense of contentment. If errors occur, view them as opportunities for growth, acknowledging that perfection is an unattainable standard. Embrace the Present Moment To think rationally, one typically needs to be aware of the present. While it's acceptable to consider the past or plan for the future, excessive preoccupation with either can lead to unhappiness. Instead, strive for balance by practicing moderation. Choose to live in the present, avoiding excessive fixation on either the past or the future. Establishing realistic objectives is essential. While pursuing and attaining significant accomplishments can contribute to happiness, it's advisable to focus your goals on your existing circumstances. Aspiring to be a billionaire is a lofty ambition, yet for many, pursuing smaller and more achievable goals might prove more beneficial. Strive for equilibrium. Human tendencies often lean towards extremes, and one remedy for this inclination is moderation. Reflect on areas of your life where excessiveness may be a concern. For example, if you find yourself constantly scrolling through social media, it can be a distraction from your daily life, and the content you encounter may have adverse effects on your mental well-being. Yet, completely abstaining from social media might lead to feelings of isolation in certain situations. A balanced approach involves occasional use of social media while maintaining a focus on both the tangible and virtual aspects of life. Exploring Happiness Through Therapy While having Aristotle or Plato as mentors could be enriching, their era has come and gone. For those seeking guidance in attaining happiness today, therapy offers valuable assistance. Through therapeutic sessions, you can learn strategies to reach your objectives, potentially enhancing your overall well-being. Additionally, if you're grappling with mental health issues or facing challenges, therapy can prove beneficial in mitigating associated symptoms. Advantages of Virtual Counseling Opting for online therapy can be a great choice if you're prepared to engage with a mental health professional but prefer the convenience of virtual sessions over in-person meetings. Through online therapy, you have the flexibility to connect with your therapist from the comfort of your residence or any location with internet access. Additionally, you can communicate with your therapist through messages at any time, allowing you to seek support even during late-night moments of distress, with the assurance that they will respond promptly. The efficacy of online therapy has been demonstrated as well. A study conducted in 2020 revealed that online therapeutic interventions typically led to noteworthy enhancements in depression and anxiety scores, compared to a baseline. These improvements were observed post-intervention at 12 weeks and were sustained at the 6-month mark. Whether you are experiencing symptoms of depression or seeking assistance in achieving happiness, contemplating collaboration with a therapist through online channels could be a beneficial option. To Keep In Mind… Plato emphasized the significance of morality and adherence to cardinal values like justice, fortitude, prudence, and temperance for achieving happiness. Aristotle, on the other hand, stressed the importance of employing reasoning skills and leading a virtuous life. Applying the wisdom of these philosophers today involves seeking balance, living in the present, upholding morals, and setting achievable goals. A licensed therapist can serve as a valuable guide in the pursuit of happiness.

Grief is a strong and overwhelming feeling that nearly everyone will experience at some point in their lives. It commonly arises after the death of a loved one, going through bereavement, or the end of a meaningful relationship. Despite being a widespread phenomenon, the way individuals experience grief can greatly vary. People may have different emotions and ways of coping with their grief, and sometimes it can become incredibly intense. Comprehending the process of grief and the Kübler Ross model, comprising denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, offers a framework for dissecting the various stages of this emotional journey. It's important to note that not everyone experiences these phases in a strictly linear fashion, and some may express their anger towards entities like God or inanimate objects. Nevertheless, finding solace in this model is possible if it strikes a chord with your own experience. Continue reading to delve into the five stages and discover coping mechanisms, including discussing your emotions with others and seeking support as you navigate through your personal grieving process. The model of the five stages of grief was initially proposed by Swiss-American psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying. Since its introduction, some have elaborated on the stages and their usual expressions, while others reject the model, considering it outdated. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and co-author David Kessler addressed these perspectives in their 2014 work, On Grief and Grieving, emphasizing that the stages have evolved and have often been misunderstood over the past three decades. They clarified that the stages were not intended to neatly categorize complex emotions but rather represent common responses to loss. Kübler-Ross and Kessler emphasized the individuality of grief, stating that there is no typical response to loss, as each person's experience of grief is as unique as their life. In line with Kübler-Ross's perspective, the stages should not be viewed as fixed points on a straight timeline. Instead, they serve as a guide to assist individuals in adapting to their loss. These different stages offer a means to recognize and comprehend one's emotions, facilitating the process of working through grief. The sequence in which these stages are encountered is not predetermined, and individuals may not necessarily undergo all of them. Some may revisit stages they encountered before, while bypassing others entirely. In essence, everyone undergoes grief uniquely, and models like the five stages should be seen as resources for those who find them beneficial rather than strict guidelines on navigating the grieving process. If the five stages model doesn't resonate with you, alternative approaches like the dual process model (DPM) , the six-R processes of mourning, or the four phases of grief are worth exploring. "People frequently perceive the stages as enduring for weeks or months, overlooking the fact that these stages correspond to fleeting emotions that may persist for only minutes or hours, as we transition between them. The progression through each stage is not a straightforward linear process; rather, we may experience one stage, then another, and return to the initial one in a cyclical manner." The Five Stages of Grief, as conceptualized by Kübler-Ross, can be beneficial for those navigating through grief or supporting a loved one in this journey. Familiarizing oneself with these stages may assist individuals in articulating their emotions. Kübler-Ross's five stages include the following. Resistance While the sequence of stages is variable, resistance often emerges as the initial response. This can be perceived as a natural defense mechanism aimed at aiding an individual in coping with the acute and immediate anguish of a setback. Its purpose is to shield the person from instantly confronting the full magnitude of their sorrow. Consequently, this phase might induce sensations of shock, emotional numbness, or a sense of detachment from reality. Anger Emotions of rage constitute another inherent aspect of the healing process for numerous individuals. According to Kübler-Ross, it is beneficial to permit oneself to experience the various phases of anger. Embracing this emotion instead of evading it can facilitate its processing and contribute to the journey of healing. Kübler-Ross notes that the experience of grief may create a sensation of detachment from the world, leaving one adrift and isolated amid a sea of emotions. In such a context, anger serves as a valuable outlet, providing a sense of direction and a connection, particularly following the emotional numbness associated with denial. Negotiation During the negotiation phase, there is a strong yearning to alter the past in order to avert the cause of one's sorrow. This phase commonly manifests as attempts to engage in conversation and make deals with a higher authority, seeking the opportunity to rewind time and make alterations. It may also involve making pledges to lead a specific life in the future in exchange for a return to the previous state of affairs. Kübler-Ross advises against becoming absorbed in speculative thoughts like "what if" or "if only." Dwelling on these unreal scenarios can lead to feelings of guilt about perceived missed opportunities. Rather than succumbing to such reflections, it is suggested to show oneself kindness and gentleness. Engaging in bargaining may provide a fleeting sense of hope or control, offering temporary relief needed to navigate through the subsequent stages of the healing process. Depression Depression arises when your focus shifts back to the current moment, rather than dwelling on the past or hoping for a different future. During this phase, the weight of grief may become fully apparent, manifesting as a sense of emptiness or a profound sadness that surpasses any previous experiences of sorrow. According to Kübler-Ross, the death of a loved one or any other significant loss naturally triggers feelings of depression as a fitting and understandable response. During this stage, practicing self-compassion and self-care is crucial, as harsh self-judgment for the inherent emotions may hinder the healing process. Seeking support from others in your social circle can also prove beneficial throughout this stage and others in the grieving process. Acceptance Embracing is a frequently misinterpreted phase of grieving. People often mistakenly believe it signifies overcoming the loss or returning to a state of normalcy. However, in actuality, this phase primarily involves adapting to the new reality. It entails acknowledging the reality of the situation, in contrast to earlier stages where the full extent of the situation may not have been comprehended, or there might have been a lingering hope that the loss was just a nightmare. A key aspect of this phase involves discovering strategies to coexist with grief while progressing in one's life. How Long Does Grief Typically Last? There is no fixed duration for the grieving process, as the impact of a loss varies from person to person. Predicting the exact duration of one's emotional response is challenging due to individual differences. Nevertheless, if intense grief symptoms persist for more than six months, surpassing what is considered typical for a person's circumstances and cultural norms, and if they significantly disrupt daily functioning, it may indicate the presence of complicated grief—a mental health condition. Additional signs include persistent feelings of isolation, intrusive thoughts about the deceased that impede daily activities, an inability to come to terms with the loss, and excessive avoidance or constant seeking of reminders associated with the loss, among other indicators. Fortunately, complicated grief is treatable, often through psychotherapy methods that emphasize self-observation, reflection, companionship, and imagery exercises. Can Therapy Help? The assistance of therapy in navigating through the process of grieving is crucial. Although grief can be a lonely experience, it's essential to recognize that support is accessible. Drawing strength from loved ones can be comforting, and some individuals may opt to enlist the aid of a qualified mental health expert. These professionals can provide a secure and unbiased environment for you to articulate your feelings, and they can guide you in cultivating constructive coping strategies to navigate and coexist with your grief. For individuals deeply immersed in the grieving journey, attending face-to-face therapy sessions might appear challenging, daunting, or draining. Given that studies indicate online therapy can be a beneficial approach for addressing grief, you may want to explore this option. Utilizing a digital therapy platform such as BetterHelp allows you to be paired with a qualified counselor for sessions conducted through phone calls, video calls, and/or in-app messaging, all from the convenience of your home or any location with internet access. Irrespective of the method you opt for, mental health professionals are accessible to assist you in navigating your grief. Keep In Mind… Grieving is a personal journey, but you don't have to face it in isolation. The details provided, such as the stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, can assist you in recognizing the different phases of grief and understanding your emotions. Seeking the guidance of a therapist can offer additional support as you navigate through your grieving process.

Personality disorders can have a profound impact on an individual's cognitive processes, behavior, and emotions. Although the terms "sociopath" and "psychopath" are commonly used interchangeably in the media and popular culture, they may be considered outdated. It is advisable to use more accurate psychiatric terminology that corresponds to the specific conditions with which these terms are associated. Personality disorders refer to mental health conditions characterized by persistent and unchanging patterns of thought, behavior, and emotion that diverge from the norms of a healthy or average personality. Various factors, including genetic traits, environmental influences like home life and financial stability, personal experiences, and consistency in early childhood care, contribute to the development of one's personality. The symptoms associated with personality disorders often become apparent during adolescence or early adulthood. While there may be a genetic element, these disorders can affect individuals across diverse races, genders, cultures, and socioeconomic statuses, making them inclusive to anyone. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) defines personality disorders as deviations from cultural expectations in thinking, feeling, and behaving, causing distress or impairment in functioning, and enduring over time. While both psychopathy and sociopathy impact personality, only psychopathy remains a clinical term in use as of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) release. Psychopathy is sometimes perceived as an extreme form of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), although it is categorized as an abstract personality disorder in the DSM-5. In earlier versions of the manual, it was a distinct condition but was later integrated with antisocial personality disorder. Consequently, only about one-third of individuals diagnosed with ASPD meet the criteria for psychopathy. The term "sociopathy," previously employed, is now classified under the umbrella of antisocial personality disorder. Sociopathy is considered outdated and carries stigma, making its use in clinical or social contexts often inappropriate. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by behaviors that consistently display a lack of concern for conventional notions of morality or a frequent disregard for the emotions, needs, or personal rights of others in the pursuit of personal satisfaction or success. Individuals with ASPD may intentionally provoke or disturb others, find pleasure in manipulation, and exhibit no remorse or regret for their actions, even if they cause harm to someone. They may engage in unlawful activities due to a disregard for rules and a belief that they are exempt from societal norms. These individuals were once classified as sociopaths but are now recognized as individuals with ASPD. Psychopathy, though not recognized as a distinct mental health disorder, exhibits identifiable characteristics such as purposefully engaging in risky or violent actions, exhibiting limited self-control, and experiencing challenges in experiencing guilt, shame, or remorse. Individuals with psychopathic traits may demonstrate a deficient sense of conscience, rejecting the need to adhere to moral or societal norms. Despite this, they can adeptly adapt and feign compliance when advantageous. It's worth noting that some individuals with psychopathic traits, including certain serial killers and mass murderers, have been retrospectively diagnosed. However, it's important to emphasize that not everyone possessing psychopathic traits necessarily engages in criminal behavior. Psychopathy Vs. ASPD Though psychopathy and ASPD may share some commonalities, they exhibit significant distinctions. Here are several symptoms to consider. Here are some commonly observed indicators or manifestations of psychopathy: Detached and calculated conduct Inclination towards violent criminal behavior Projecting a facade of a "normal" life to conceal illicit or harmful activities Simulating empathy and imitating anticipated behaviors or responses Difficulty in discerning distress in others Surface-level charm Elevated intelligence Impaired judgment and an inability to learn from experiences Inflated sense of self-importance Pathological self-centeredness and dishonesty Absence of guilt, remorse, or shame Engaging in promiscuous sexual activities Poor impulse control Employing manipulative tactics Involvement in juvenile delinquency Lack of a moral conscience Conviction that all actions are justified ASPD, or Antisocial Personality Disorder, characterizes individuals with a specific personality disorder. Psychopathic traits may not necessarily indicate the presence of a personality disorder. Here are some prevalent symptoms associated with ASPD : Disregard for societal norms of right and wrong Lying to manipulate others or take advantage Insensitive or outright disrespectful of others' feelings or ideas Believing one is superior to nearly all others Considering few or no people as equals Personal or legal troubles due to behavior Hostility, aggressiveness, violence, or threatening behavior Difficulty maintaining steady employment Blaming others or making excuses for behavior Willingness to use others for personal gain Weak or absent guilt or remorse over hurting others A disregard for personal safety or the well-being of others Attempts to justify one's unhealthy actions Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder There are shared traits between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy, encompassing personality features, behavior patterns, and negative childhood experiences. In certain instances, psychopathy might manifest as a manifestation of ASPD. Nevertheless, distinctions exist in how these conditions manifest and impact an individual's conduct, emotions, and cognitive patterns. The ensuing points outline some of these differences. Interactions with Others Individuals exhibiting ASPD have the capacity to establish meaningful connections with others, yet this endeavor can prove to be demanding. Sustaining contact becomes particularly challenging due to the presence of behavioral symptoms. Those displaying psychopathic characteristics tend to create superficial, insincere bonds while utilizing their daily routines as a facade for engaging in illicit activities. In relationships, they frequently assume false identities and exhibit a high level of charm. To external observers, these individuals may seem entirely "normal," often catching others off guard when their psychopathic behavior is eventually exposed. Desire to Inflict Harm The desire to inflict harm is an underlying motive for individuals with psychopathic tendencies. While not every person exhibiting psychopathy resorts to violence, they may harbor intentions to cause harm and may even engage in self-harming behaviors as a response to their emotions. Studies indicate that heightened levels of social isolation and sadness in individuals with psychopathic characteristics correlate with an increased likelihood of engaging in violent, impulsive, or reckless actions . Those with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) often resort to manipulation and may react with anger or violence when faced with non-compliance. It's important to note that although their actions may not always be directed towards harming others, both individuals with psychopathic traits and those with ASPD commonly lack a sense of remorse. Behavioral Trends Individuals exhibiting psychopathic characteristics might demonstrate actions and motivations characterized by a detached and calculated inclination towards behavior. On the other hand, those with ASPD may show a higher propensity for impulsive or erratic behavior, often neglecting the potential impact of their actions on others. Social Conduct Individuals exhibiting psychopathic behavior might feign concern for others' emotions, while those with ASPD may openly express their feelings or thoughts. Both groups may encounter authentic love and emotional bonds but face challenges in expressing them in a constructive manner. Maintaining stable employment may be problematic for those with ASPD, whereas individuals with psychopathic traits may excel in charm and sociability, leading to successful functioning in professional settings. Therapeutic Approaches for ASPD and Psychopathy Although there is no definitive cure for psychopathy or ASPD, symptoms can often be effectively managed through therapy. Collaborating with a certified therapist enables individuals to explore their actions and thought patterns, reinforcing positive qualities while reshaping detrimental tendencies. Treatment typically focuses on addressing problematic behaviors, developing practical coping skills, and tackling concurrent issues such as substance use disorders. Several widely used therapeutic methods for addressing personality disorders may encompass the following: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) , whether conducted individually or in a group setting, mentallization therapy (MBT), prescription of medications like antidepressants, mood stabilizers, or antipsychotics, counseling addressing impulsive behaviors, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are all therapeutic approaches. Seek guidance and supervision from a medical professional prior to initiating, altering, or discontinuing any medication. Knowing When to Seek Assistance If you observe signs of psychopathy or Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) either in yourself or a loved one, it can be beneficial to seek help from a mental health provider. Although there is no cure for these conditions, some individuals experience significant relief from symptoms through appropriate treatment. If you encounter obstacles to attending in-person therapy or wish to keep your treatment confidential, you may explore online therapy options like ReachLink. Internet-based interventions often offer cost-effectiveness, shorter wait times, and flexible appointment formats, making the guidance of a mental health professional more accessible. A 2020 study suggests that online therapy can be equally effective as in-person treatments for individuals with personality disorders. Participants in the study noted that the physical separation from the therapist facilitated easier disclosure of personal details, and many appreciated the convenience of receiving treatment from the comfort of their homes, ensuring consistent attendance. To Keep in Mind… Understanding personality disorders can be challenging as they impact a person's thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. Fortunately, effective treatment is accessible, and it's essential to know that support is available. The details shared earlier can help in distinguishing between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. If you need assistance, consider reaching out to a licensed therapist either online or locally for additional guidance and support.

The friendships we cultivate throughout our lives play a significant role in shaping who we become as individuals, as our friends provide us with companionship, support, and motivation. They form an essential part of our support network, offering a reliable source of assistance whenever we require it. Numerous studies have shown that friendships are crucial for achieving success, maintaining good mental and physical health, and developing resilience. However, despite these advantages, we often struggle to understand how to effectively nurture and strengthen our connections with friends. In the following paragraphs, we will explore the significant impact supportive friendships have on our lives and provide guidance on how to establish and maintain strong relationships with our friends. What Is A Supportive Relationship? A supportive friendship is a type of relationship that goes beyond casual acquaintances and involves a deeper level of commitment and support. It is characterized by mutual respect, admiration, and a willingness to assist each other. In a supportive friendship, both individuals selflessly provide care, encouragement, and compassion to one another, particularly during challenging times. A friend who offers support will understand and accommodate your needs while accepting you for who you are. They will provide reassurance of their unwavering presence in your life. Additionally, a trusted friend has the ability to attentively listen to your worries, sympathize with them, uplift your spirits, and offer encouragement. Characteristics The hallmarks of a supportive friendship often include shared love, respect, and concern. These relationships generally have a fair balance, where both parties give and take equally. A fundamental aspect of a wholesome friendship is mutual understanding. Having a friend who thoroughly understands and values you for your true self can provide affirmation, offering a feeling of belonging and acceptance. Reliable friendships are also usually marked by loyalty and dependability. Part of fostering a bond with a friend includes being present for them in times of need and trusting that they'll be there for you when you require their advice, help, or emotional support. Furthermore, friendships characterized by support often involve vulnerability. Friends who can express their insecurities, worries, and shortcomings often experience a greater sense of ease and connection . Honesty is another essential aspect of such friendships, accompanying vulnerability. True friends often confide in each other, promoting transparency, and offering each other straightforward insights. The Value of Nurturant Friendships The significance of friendships cannot be overstated when it comes to enhancing our overall health, wellbeing, and satisfaction in life. Findings from various research suggest that robust social support is strongly tied to better mental wellbeing, playing a crucial role in mitigating stress and depressive states , enhancing communication abilities, and lessening the emotional toll of physical health concerns. Nurturant relationships aid us in problems solving and amplify our self-esteem. It is common that we feel more competent tackling stressful circumstances when we share the difficulties with someone else. Research indicates that merely the corporeal presence of friends can make challenges seem less intimidating. Friendships are likewise valuable in facilitating physical health. Findings propose that individuals with a strong network of support tend to live longer and report fewer health issues. The diminished stress levels that a strong companionship can offer also contributes to better cardiac health. Friendships play a pivotal role in the growth and maturation of young individuals, providing a platform for children and teens to build sturdy relationships defined by trust, giving, and reciprocated encouragement. Having companions during the demanding years of personal development can facilitate improvement and maturation. Friendships that are mutually beneficial can make this period less overwhelming psychologically and emotionally. For instance, the role of friendships has been associated with increased academic success . Friends can inspire each other and ensure mutual responsibility in their journey towards becoming adults. Friendships can serve as a major support system for grown-ups who no longer reside with their family. There is empirical evidence showing links between the amount and quality of friendships one has and their overall satisfaction in life . Adult life can sometimes be complex, but having supportive and caring friends can mitigate feelings of isolation during tough periods. Your friendships as an adult can largely influence your life and help shape your perspectives, interests, and moral codes. You may take up specific hobbies due to your friends' participation in them, or you might adopt a positive viewpoint on life under the influence of a friend with an upbeat disposition. A good friend can assist you in solving your issues, offering useful outlooks on your life from their deep knowledge of you. Although they may sometimes disagree with your decisions, they'll likely always have your backs. For instance, a reliable friend might have a different perspective on your choice to rekindle a relationship with your ex and warn you against it. However, they'll probably assure you of their unwavering support regardless of your decision. Friendships, while beneficial and crucial , can be challenging to sustain. Life can become time-consuming, causing friends to drift apart. This may result in feeling less connected to some friends while losing others entirely. Below, we talk about strategies for managing such scenarios. Ways To Cultivate Meaningful Friendships Making the most out of the advantages that come with positive friendships may sometimes require knowing how to figure out which relationships are significant, maintaining connections with friends, and delivering much-needed emotional support. Here are a few steps you could apply to develop strong supportive friendships. Recognizing the value of your current relationships is a significant step in promoting healthy friendships. Start by evaluating your present relationships with friends, acquaintances, and other significant people in your life. Perhaps, there are old friends with whom you've lost contact, or casual acquaintances you desire to have a better connection with. Reflect on the individuals you've bonded with over time. Is there anyone you've openly expressed your feelings to? Who motivates you to improve yourself? Who makes you feel at ease? Answering these queries can assist in identifying relationships with potential for further development. Maintain Frequent Contact Regular communication with friends is essential in nurturing a sense of intimacy. Even the occasional text message can assure your friends that you value them and are devoted to maintaining your bond. You can never predict when a friend might be feeling isolated and craving connection. One research study discovered that people regularly underestimate the joy that a simple check-in can provide, indicating that these gestures are typically "appreciated more than expected." Demonstrate Your Gratitude Research indicates that displaying thankfulness can strengthen relationships with friends. People generally appreciate being seen as valuable and knowing that their actions or presence are cherished. Expressing such feelings to your friends can be done by saying sincere words, through little gestures of goodwill like offering them flowers, or grander actions like treating them to a fancy dinner. Maintaining Healthy Relationships Through Online Counseling An expanding body of research supports that online counseling has the potential to enhance personal relationships and assist with mental health issues. In a study called "Building Stronger Friendships in Social Anxiety Disorder", investigators discovered that online counseling resulted in a higher level of ease with closeness. The study further identified that the more time individuals spent expressing their feelings to friends, the greater their reduction in depression and feelings of isolation. If you require assistance in cultivating positive, supportive friendships, online therapy may be a suitable option for you. With platforms such as ReachLink , you can engage in therapy sessions remotely, either by video call, voice call, or messaging within the app. This could be particularly beneficial if you're reluctant to have face-to-face meetings due to social anxiety or other issues. Additionally, online therapy is a cost-effective choice. This could help you conserve funds for social outings with your friends. What It’s All About… The presence of encouraging relationships often plays a significant role in leading a content and wholesome life. It is crucial to be in the company of considerate and understanding individuals who are invested in your welfare, joy, and personal growth. Should you seek assistance in cultivating such healthy alliances, engaging with a certified online psychologist can be beneficial. Similar to a good friend, a mental health expert can offer you the motivation and backing you require.

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Note: Trigger Warning: Kindly note that the forthcoming article may delve into subjects related to trauma such as abuse which could potentially be triggering to some readers. In case you find yourself exposed to or a witness to any form of abuse, you can reach out to the National Domestic Violence Hotline. They offer support round the clock. Dial 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or send the text "START" to 88788. You also have the option to access the online chat . Domestic violence (DV) is a common yet potentially fatal issue, but it can be complicated to comprehend. Victims may undergo gaslighting , which diminishes their capacity to recognize their circumstances. From the outside, the affected relationship might appear to be healthy. Since domestic abuse mostly happens in private, recognizing the red flags can assist the victims and their loved ones in recognizing the dangers involved. In cases of domestic violence, a dominant partner persistently exhibits actions that grant them dominance or authority over the other party. These actions can range from physical or sexual abuse, regulation of financial resources, verbal intimidation, pressure, exploitation of children, or parental rights, and emotional maltreatment. Any individual can be a target of abuse, regardless of their race, age, gender, sexual orientation, educational background, or financial standing. Abuse patterns can also be carried out by anyone. As per the National Domestic Violence Hotline , on average, 24 individuals a minute in the US are subjected to some form of abuse, such as rape, physical violence, or harassment by a close partner. Identifying abuse is a crucial first step towards seeking assistance. With acknowledgment often comes the prevention of further abuse. It is essential for everyone to understand these risks as anyone can stand the chance of knowing someone who's been a victim of abuse or experiencing it first-hand. Why do people abuse? Although Domestic Violence (DV) is often equated with Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), the latter specifically refers to harm inflicted between persons in an intimate relationship. The term DV is mainly used in this context to depict violence between any two individuals, however, you can use any term based on your personal circumstances. Those who display harmful behavior might originate from households or surroundings that are characterized by aggression and abuse. Since abusive actions are usually ingrained from early experiences, a child who frequently observes others perpetrating harm upon their partners or loved ones is more likely to emulate such conduct in adulthood. Despite the fact that individuals have no control over the type of family they are born into, they have the power to put an end to this circle of abuse. When a person abuses their partner, they often aim to establish dominance or control. The abusive person might believe that their emotions and demands should always supersede those of the other person in the relationship, or they could derive a sense of authority from inflicting harm on a loved one during heated moments. Regardless of the incentive behind such actions, abuse of any form is inexcusable. Everyone has the right to a healthy, courteous, and affectionate relationship where each individual involved has independent control Why do victims stay? An outsider looking in at a toxic relationship may question why the victim doesn't just leave the abuser. However, the intricate and hazardous nature of such relationships might be difficult to fully comprehend from the outside, with the victim being subject to manipulation, damage, or gaslighting often unnoticed by others. Abusers seek to assert dominance and control, making it difficult and even risky for the survivor to exit the relationship. Here are some prevalent factors that hinder individuals from exiting relationships characterized by abuse or other forms of domestic violence: Resource scarcity: The victim may rely on their abusive partner for essentials like housing, money, food, or other basic necessities. Fear: One could fear the potential consequences of exiting the relationship, such as stalking, harassment at work, and physical violence. Stigma: Many instances of domestic violence occur privately, and this secrecy may only be broken when the victim departs the relationship, leading to feelings of shame and self-blame. Children's welfare: Some individuals may refrain from leaving due to children they share with the abusive partner, not wanting to shatter their family unit or sever their children's bond with the abusive parent. Disability: Sometimes, the victim in an abusive relationship may have a disability making them dependent on their partner for assistance. Individuals may also be juggling issues related to immigration status, mental health disorders, among other difficulties that exacerbate their experience of domestic violence (DV). Without external assistance and a definitive safety strategy , individuals may remain in prolonged abusive relationships. It is of utmost importance to identify the occurrence of domestic violence. By identifying several red flags, we might be able to stop the vicious cycle of DV and maintain wholesome, reciprocally beneficial relationships. Indicators of Abuse These are some standard indicators you or a loved one could be experiencing abuse. Overbearing jealousy In a well-balanced relationship, occasional flashes of envy or harmless banter about such feelings might occur. However, if someone relentlessly contacts another, either through calls, texts, or unexpected visits, it might raise eyebrows. Other indications of envy include: Demanding awareness of the other partner's whereabouts An abundance of phone calls or text messages Insisting on periodic "check-ins" from the other partner Blocking the other from attending work, social events, gatherings, or friend catch-ups due to infidelity fears Jealousy can manifest in myriad ways. Individuals exhibiting abusive behavior can display ownership tendencies and keep constant tabs on their partners when geographically separated. They could also express envy over their partner's family, friends, or even pets. Separation from beloved ones An oppressive partner might forbid the other party from interacting with friends, family members, colleagues, or others, resulting in psychological seclusion . This isolation escalates the control and dominance the oppressive partner has over their companion. Particularly, in the digital age, these individuals may strive to extend their partner's isolation using online platforms. By regulating or restricting their mate's social media usage and email, and possibly employing GPS tracking tools or surveillance software to limit their associate's connections and keep tabs on their movements. Financial manipulation An abusive partner may choose to dominate and regulate all financial aspects forbidding any conversations about it, hence intensifying the dependency of their partner, and possibly deterring them from departing from the relationship. Economic abuse could manifest itself in several ways. For instance, the person may obstruct their partner from being employed, threaten to demolish valuable belongings or assets, forcefully take money from them, or withhold financial support for essential expenses. Aggression and coercive behavior Domestic Violence is typified by menacing promises, actual violent acts, and manipulative strategies carried out by the abuser, which could include threatening gestures or exhibiting weapons such as a firearm, blade, bat, spray, or other harmful objects. These threats are often paired with physical and verbal aggression, such as negative comments about the partner's looks, character, or other derogatory comments. Strict traditional roles in relationships An individual who is abusive might adhere to outdated views about how individuals of particular genders should act within a relationship. They often demand that their partner conform to roles such as serving them, staying at home, and obeying them, while framing these behaviors as a matter of "religion" or "duty". Despite the fact that these misconceptions frequently occur in heterosexual relationships, domestic violence is not exclusive and can happen in any relationship, regardless of the partners' gender identities or sexual preferences. Mistreatment of children and animals An individual who is known to mistreat others might have a past of inflicting extreme punishment, harm or even death to animals . They might also burden children with tasks and chores that are inappropriate for their developmental stages, taunt them, or otherwise subject them to abuse. Every relationship is distinct, and detecting warning signs of abuse can be challenging for those outside the relationship. Some signs of abuse may gradually appear over time, while others may be immediately noticeable. For example, the individual may deliberately embarrass their partner publicly or pester them at their workplace. In the end, domestic violence (DV) is characterized by a series of toxic behaviors. If any of these indicators persist over a prolonged time, you should consider reaching out to the National Domestic Violence Hotline for further assistance. Actions to take if you suspect someone is a victim of Domestic Violence It's crucial to know how to react appropriately if you think someone around you such as a friend, family member, or colleague is a victim of domestic violence. There are measures you can put in place to assist the individual in a proactive, safe manner, remembering safety is the first priority for both parties involved. If at any point, you feel endangered while offering support, reach out to the National Domestic Violence Hotline for further guidance. Make your presence known Before reaching out to someone, ensure they are in a secure situation to converse. Some abusive individuals might use digital tools to track their partner's actions and conversations. Hence, it may not be safe to directly ask if they are experiencing abuse. Try finding a secure environment where the abuser isn't present before initiating such conversations. Make your intentions clear, precise, and cautious. You might say, "I'm concerned that someone may be causing you harm," and observe how the dialogue unfolds. Unless the person themselves categorizes their situation as "abuse," refrain from defining their experience until you gather more details about their plight, their worries, and the terminologies they use to explain their circumstances. Bear in mind that some individuals might attempt to hide the abuse due to fear. If they seem afraid during your conversation, assure them you're there to provide assistance with resources when they feel ready. Provide support options Being a certified professional or having special training to tackle domestic violence might not be in your skill set. Nevertheless, you can point out certain local and regional support systems to someone dealing with abuse. Apart from the National Domestic Violence Hotline, search for help avenues at their school, office, city, or community center. Propose a security strategy A security strategy is a series of steps that can reduce an individual's chances of being harmed by their partner. The National Domestic Violence Hotline provides a user-friendly tool to craft your own strategy. If you're worried about someone, this resource can be shared with them, allowing you to establish your special "code words" or sub-strategies for their protection. Should circumstances intensify, inform them that they can communicate with you using a coded word or sentence. For instance, "I'm cooking soup for tea", could serve as a discreet hint without alerting the abusive partner. You can devise a response code word to inquire if they want you to contact the police or provide any other forms of assistance. Develop a strategy that is suitable for your specific situation. Get Professional Assistance Being a witness or a victim of domestic violence, or even aiding someone in such circumstances, can severely impact your mental health. Seeking help from a professional can provide expert perspective, promote safety and enhance mental wellness. If you or someone you are aware of is dealing with a harmful relationship, turning to an online therapy platform may provide significant benefits. Through a digital therapy platform like ReachLink, one can get matched with a licensed, professional therapist in a secure environment. Scheduling sessions can be done according to personal convenience, childcare responsibilities, or any other issues that may ordinarily hinder traditional therapy access. Several studies indicate that online therapy achieves similar effective results as in-person counseling for many individuals. For example, a 2022 study revealed that online therapy can be equally effective as in-person counseling for those coping with abuse or domestic violence. It further highlighted that online therapy minimizes logistical issues and offers a protective avenue for individuals with disabilities or health issues. What it’s all about… Everyone has the right to a wholesome, reciprocally beneficial, and affectionate connection. Acknowledging the signs of domestic violence could be the crucial first step in preventing it if you, or someone you know, are suffering from it. Keep an eye out for the aforementioned warning signs, protect your friends and family, and react promptly and securely. The National Domestic Violence Hotline and qualified therapists are available for advice from experts in the field.

Dementia represents a collective term encompassing a range of conditions that affect cognitive functions like memory, coordination, and learning, among others. While there are numerous kinds of dementia, inherited genetics typically don't significantly influence the odds of an individual developing the condition. Instead, the leading contributors are more likely a range of circumstances that can arise throughout a person's lifetime, resulting in cognitive deterioration. However, research on the role that genes may have is still in progress, and certain forms of dementia might have a higher probability of being inherited. This article aims to delve deeper into the underlying causes of dementia and provide advice on seeking professional assistance to manage any symptoms. Is Dementia hereditary? The question if dementia is hereditary can be quite complex, with the answer varying from case to case. While many instances of dementia are not related to genetics, certain forms of the condition, such as Alzheimer's disease , might have a more significant genetic component. Presently, researchers are dedicating their efforts to unveiling the causes of dementia, but a prevailing opinion is that lifestyle choices and unique health risks may be more influential than genetics. Similarly, factors like brain trauma or damage due to drug misuse could potentially have an impact on the brain that leads to dementia in the long run. Can Lewy Body Dementia Be Passed Down in Families? By and large, Lewy body dementia is not categorized as a hereditary disorder. This means that you will not definitely get it even if your parents or grandparents had it. However, if there were cases of this condition in your family, your risk of contracting it could be slightly increased. Other risk factors also play a determining role in whether or not someone will have Lewy body dementia. Most individuals who develop Lewy body dementia are usually older than fifty. Although there have been instances of younger individuals acquiring it, such cases are exceedingly uncommon. Therefore, age seems to be a prevalent risk factor for this particular form of dementia; your chances of suffering from it may rise as you age. Moreover, having health issues such as Parkinson's disease or sleep disorders can escalate the risks of being diagnosed with Lewy body dementia. The accurate reasons why these variables may raise a person's chances of developing dementia is not completely clear, yet it could be linked to brain alterations that can progress or aggravate over time, causing cognitive decline. What about Vascular Dementia? There are certain uncommon forms of vascular dementia that could be linked to particular genes. For example, mutations in the NOTCH3 gene have been noted to cause vascular dementia , and this gene configuration can be passed down through generations. This means that vascular dementia can potentially be inherited. However, this only applies to a rare type of the disease and does not represent the majority of vascular dementia cases. The genetics linked to standard forms of vascular dementia are yet to be identified. There has been considerable progress in understanding certain aspects of the disease, but not everything is completely clear. More research and analysis by skilled researchers will likely be needed to identify the genetic indicators that signal an increased risk for this kind of dementia. Is Dementia preventable? Currently, there are no definite or verified methods to prevent dementia. However, experts and specialized organizations such as the World Health Organization suggest certain behaviors and lifestyle choices that may help one maintain brain health and lower the risk of developing dementia. Even with strict adherence to these measures, it doesn't fully guarantee immunity from dementia. The consensus appears to be that a balanced lifestyle, regular healthcare, and healthy habits are our best defense against any form of cognitive decline . Research points towards several actions that may aid in reducing the risk of dementia, which are: Engaging in physical activities Avoiding the consumption of harmful substances like tobacco or excessive alcohol Maintaining a healthy blood pressure, blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and weight Adhering to a nutritious and balanced diet. Similarly, several risk factors are believed by experts to prescribe individuals to a higher likelihood of developing dementia as they age. These include: Depression and other mental health disorders that can affect long-term brain functioning and activity Experiencing social seclusion Little to no education that may affect cognitive functions Exposure to air pollution Lack of cognitive engagement or failure to challenge the brain. Seeking professional help to live with Dementia Living with dementia can present mental challenges due to its effects on one's cognitive abilities. Seeking professional guidance to navigate your experiences, symptoms, and concerns may make managing your condition seem less daunting. This is particularly true for those who develop depression or other mental health issues as a result of their dementia. Whether you are directly affected by dementia, know someone who is, or simply want to lower your own risk of developing the disease, sourcing professional help through the medium of online therapy can be advantageous. By utilizing online therapy , you can connect with therapists experienced in catering to your needs, without having to leave your home. This option could save you time and financial resources. Online therapy holds potential to enhance mental well-being even for those without explicit signs of mental health issues. Notably, its affordability makes it all the more beneficial. Recently, a review of 17 studies about the positive impact of online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating depression indicated that it could rival or even surpass the effectiveness of face-to-face therapy. Additionally, the review highlighted that online CBT ends up being more budget-friendly for patients compared to conventional methods of treatment. What it’s all about… In summary, dementia does not appear to be predominantly passed down through generations, even though your genetic background and family history may contribute to your likelihood of encountering it. Yet, other aspects, many under your personal control, appear to have a more significant impact on cognitive health as one grows older. Therefore, to prevent the onset of dementia, it's advisable to maintain good mental and physical health, keep your mind active, and know when to seek professional assistance for any worries you may have.

Most individuals, when commencing therapy, have the intention of sharing vital information, understanding that honesty about their circumstances is critical to receiving help. However, despite their intentions to be transparent, individuals innately possess defense mechanisms that protect them from stressful scenarios or uncomfortable emotions such as distress or embarrassment. Initially recognized by Sigmund Freud, defense mechanisms (also referred to as ego defense mechanisms) are subconscious actions believed to alleviate anxiety and protect the mind from distressing emotions. As a mental health professional employing personality psychology, it is critical to identify these defense mechanisms, such as evasion or refusal, and figure out how best to address them to uncover the root cause. For those seeking therapy , recognizing and comprehending these defense mechanisms can also be beneficial. These forms of coping strategies can be beneficial if they are developed and appropriately used. Nevertheless, underdeveloped coping techniques can result in negative outcomes like symptoms of depression or challenges in establishing and preserving good relationships with loved ones and friends. Below are a few of the widely encountered defense mechanisms in therapeutic sessions. Denial Denial serves as a common defense mechanism, easy to notice. In this state, people tend to disregard obvious and often harsh realities of their situation, instead opting to find evidence suggesting the contrary. As a case in point, a person might refer to a potentially depressed individual's excellent academic achievements or professional success as a way of disproving their mental state. According to psychologists, such self-deception typically originates from a strong urge to reject the truth. As a way to cope, people employ this defensive strategy to avoid dealing with gut-wrenching, sorrowful, or scary situations that reality presents. Displacement Displacement refers to a situation where an individual channels their negative feelings away from the actual target to a less hazardous one. To illustrate, an employee might be frustrated with their employer but might hesitate to express this at their workplace due to the fear of termination. Consequently, they might vent out their frustrations on their loved ones at home. So, it's essential for therapists to continually assess the genuine emotions of their clients. Repression The concept of repression is widely recognized in the field of therapy, and addressing it can be daunting. This phenomenon happens when a person experiences a traumatic event that's too excruciating to recall. Nevertheless, the mental effort required to keep these vital suppressed memories concealed can wear thin, allowing flashes of these occurrences to seep through, perhaps in dreams, until they are recalled and consequently dealt with. Rationalization Rationalization happens when an individual seeks to justify an uncomfortable situation which could potentially harm their image or social acceptance. An example could be a therapy patient stating that they did not land a job they sought, then attempting to dismiss it by affirming they did not really want the job. Similarly, a person may confess to shoplifting a minor item, but justify it by arguing that the store's inflated pricing essentially robs them too. Intellectualization Intellectualization shares some similarities with rationalization, but it tends to be a more extreme form of mental avoidance. With intellectualization, a person evades their emotional responses by overanalyzing a situation logically, concentrating on unrelated aspects. For instance, a person who has recently been widowed may occupy their thoughts with the expenses and arrangement complexities of a funeral, thereby sidestepping the emotional pain of mourning their lost partner. Such logical preoccupations serve as a diversion from the actual issue that needs to be addressed. Projection Projection is the process of attributing qualities, characteristics, or behaviors that you are unwilling to recognize or acknowledge as your own, to another person. Although it's widely associated with negative attributes like greed or heartlessness, projection can also involve positive qualities like empathy, especially if one is uncomfortable recognizing these traits in themselves. In a therapy setting, for example, if a client is expressing concerns about their spouse being unfaithful, the therapist might explore whether the client themselves is wrestling with temptation. Projection is akin to deflection, as both are mechanisms for shifting negative attention away from oneself and onto others. However, while deflection is often a conscious action, projection typically occurs without the individual's awareness. Sublimation Sublimation happens when an individual channels their unsuitable emotions or unsettling desires or thoughts towards an activity that is more acceptable in society. For instance, a person battling with sexual addiction might choose to exercise consistently to evade these problems. Sublimation psychology can be advantageous as it encourages positive behavior. Nevertheless, it might prove detrimental as it leaves the root problem unaddressed. Compensation Individuals with low self-esteem or those feeling unsuccessful in several life aspects might resort to compensation to make up for these inadequacies. An instance of this might be someone who struggles to maintain consistent employment going to extra lengths to assist others in their community. However, this psychological defense can be detrimental if taken to the extreme, with the individual centering their whole self-perception on a single aspect of their life. Reaction formation Reaction formation is a psychological defense mechanism, characterized by responses that starkly contrast natural emotions. It embodies the paradox of psychological shielding, where a person reacts in a contrary manner to their inherent feelings. For example, an individual might be cognizant of their own anger and frustration, but they may feel obligated to suppress these negative emotions, leading them to exhibit excessive positivity. Regression Regression is the phenomenon of an individual reverting to an earlier developmental stage when faced with a stressful or threatening situation. This behavior is commonly observable in children. For instance, a traumatic event could result in a child emotionally reverting back to the oral phase, evident by a renewed habit of thumb sucking. Nevertheless, regression is not exclusive to children. Adults also might return to previous developmental stages, often manifested by shunning activities they fancy, excessive chewing on items like pens, overeating, or seeking comfort from a cherished stuffed toy. This article does not cover all psychological defense strategies; more are yet to be discovered through further study. One such defense strategy that was not previously mentioned is the conversion defense mechanism, also known as functional neurological symptom disorder. This particular mechanism transforms suppressed emotions into physical symptoms of illness. Additional Assistance: Are you able to recognize any of these various defense mechanisms operating in your personal experiences? Are you grappling with your own emotional issues that you're attempting to shield using defense mechanisms? If this resonates, therapy is a viable solution. Trained and licensed therapists can aid you in pinpointing and dismantling less developed defense mechanisms using proven psychological techniques. There are numerous avenues to explore when seeking a therapist, including online therapy which is a convenient and successful choice. Advantages of Online Therapy: Online therapy offers numerous advantages. If you're experiencing anxiety or depression, attending face-to-face appointments can pose challenges. Online counseling eliminates concerns about travel or waiting times. Upon registration, you're promptly connected with an accessible therapist prepared to assist you promptly. Additionally, you have the flexibility to engage in sessions via online chat, email, text, phone, or video chat, all from the convenience of your own home. Evidence indicates the efficacy of online therapy as well. A comprehensive analysis of 14 research studies revealed that online cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in a 50% enhancement in depressive and various anxiety disorder symptoms. It also notably alleviated the effects of persistent fatigue and stress. To gain deeper insights into whether online therapy aligns with your needs, don't hesitate to contact a ReachLink therapist and initiate the process. What it’s all about…  Defense mechanisms are automatic ways the mind handles anxiety from external events. In therapy, addressing these mechanisms is crucial to uncover underlying issues. This helps us manage daily thoughts and emotions in constructive and socially appropriate manners.