Overcoming Setbacks: Building Resilience in Recovery
Navigating the Abstinence Violation Effect: Building Resilience in Your Recovery Journey
“I’ve already missed my therapy session this week—I might as well skip the rest of my treatment plan,” or “I’ve returned to old habits once, so my recovery must be a complete failure.” These thoughts aren’t unusual; many people feel that a single misstep justifies abandoning their entire progress—a phenomenon known as the abstinence violation effect. While this can affect anyone making behavioral changes, it’s particularly impactful for those recovering from mental health challenges and substance use disorders.
In mental health treatment, relapse prevention strategies, including developing coping skills and maintenance techniques, are designed to help individuals navigate challenging situations without experiencing a complete reversal of progress. During the recovery journey, understanding the abstinence violation effect is essential for maintaining long-term wellness and preventing minor setbacks from becoming major obstacles.
Understanding the Abstinence Violation Effect
The “abstinence violation effect” (AVE) describes the “may as well” response that often accompanies a perceived failure in recovery. Examples might include someone who has been managing anxiety symptoms well suddenly abandoning all their coping techniques after one panic attack, or someone who maintained sobriety for months returning to substance use patterns after a single lapse.
The AVE is a psychological response within the relapse process. It emerges when someone interprets a lapse as evidence of moral failure, lost hope, or proof that recovery is impossible. This common risk factor is something mental health professionals at ReachLink work diligently to address, as this mindset generally undermines future success.
This concept was developed based on Marlatt’s cognitive behavioral model to prevent individuals from transforming a momentary lapse into a complete relapse by understanding the psychological mechanisms involved. These mechanisms typically include negative emotional states like shame, misinterpretation, and self-blame. People often perceive a lapse as revealing an inherent flaw or uncontrollable aspect of their condition, leading to cognitive dissonance, shame, hopelessness, and a sense of powerlessness. Mental health professionals work to counter these flawed thought patterns through cognitive therapy and promote healthier coping mechanisms by adjusting outcome expectations.
Who Experiences the AVE?
While the abstinence violation effect can affect anyone making behavioral changes, it presents particular challenges for individuals addressing mental health conditions or substance use disorders. This is largely due to the significant negative consequences associated with the AVE in these contexts. Someone who experiences a setback followed by complete abandonment of recovery strategies may face increased shame, embarrassment, and hopelessness. While this pattern might not entirely derail a fitness commitment, it can severely impact someone’s mental health recovery journey without effective management strategies.
Though the AVE isn’t exclusive to mental health recovery, its symptoms are often pronounced in these situations. Mental health challenges are frequently accompanied by layers of shame, blame, and misunderstanding. This is why individuals experiencing these conditions may be more likely to interpret setbacks as evidence of personal defects rather than recognizing the complex interplay of inadequate support systems, underdeveloped coping mechanisms, genetic factors, and environmental influences. At ReachLink, we emphasize addressing these preconceptions about recovery and developing a more accurate understanding based on compassion, self-awareness, and support—elements essential to successful mental health recovery.
The AVE in mental health recovery is systemic, and some experts believe that too few treatment approaches identify both the mechanisms that lead to mental health challenges and those that maintain them, even years after apparent recovery. At ReachLink, we focus on recovery as a continuous journey of growth, learning, and adaptation—one of the most important ways that therapists and clients can counter misconceptions about mental health challenges while supporting the development of healthier attitudes toward setbacks and potential relapses.
The Emotional Experience of the AVE
Experiencing a setback in mental health recovery can feel disappointing, frightening, or devastating. These feelings may be compounded by reactions from concerned family and friends, who might view a setback as evidence of failure or lost progress. While such responses are understandable, they often reflect unrealistic, unhealthy, or inaccurate views of mental health recovery and can potentially cause more harm than good.
Evidence of the abstinence violation effect appears when someone attributes a lapse and subsequent relapse to completely uncontrollable factors, such as a perceived character flaw or the inevitable nature of their condition. In realistic, healthy approaches to recovery, setbacks are acknowledged as possibilities, and strategies are developed to minimize their impact. An essential part of this process involves developing self-awareness and understanding what triggers certain thoughts, emotions, or behaviors.
Strategies for Overcoming the AVE
The abstinence violation effect is complex and typically requires a multi-faceted approach. At ReachLink, we help clients address this challenge through several key strategies:
Reframing Recovery Perspectives
Rather than viewing recovery as a fixed state to achieve, we recognize recovery as a spectrum where setbacks are part of the journey. A single lapse doesn’t necessitate a downward spiral, and even a significant period of relapse doesn’t mean lifelong struggle. Having effective coping strategies in place is crucial because the likelihood of never experiencing a setback in recovery is quite low.
Our mental health professionals at ReachLink communicate the reality of mental health challenges—they’re not simply matters of willpower or determination. Many conditions involve neurological and biological factors that take time to address. Recovery typically includes changing external elements rather than finding some internal reserve of willpower.
Modifying Environmental Factors
Making changes to life circumstances that trigger increased stress or unhealthy coping mechanisms is often crucial for avoiding the AVE. For example, this might include:
- Removing yourself from high-stress environments
- Transitioning from a job that creates excessive pressure
- Creating boundaries in relationships that contribute to mental health challenges
Life situations, relationships, and commitments should be carefully evaluated and continually reassessed for balance and harmony. This enables individuals to avoid common triggers for setbacks and the potential resulting AVE.
Cultivating Self-Compassion
One of the most powerful factors in countering the abstinence violation effect is compassion. Viewing yourself or supporting a loved one with compassion can reduce the rigidity and negative emotions associated with the AVE. Shame is often the first and most prominent emotion experienced after a setback, potentially leading to additional setbacks, fear, and the impulse to withdraw—creating a cycle of relapse, shame, relapse, shame. Extending compassion to yourself or a loved one can interrupt this destructive pattern.
Seeking Support After a Setback
When a lapse or relapse occurs, connecting with appropriate mental health support from a qualified professional at ReachLink can be a helpful first step toward resuming your recovery journey and reducing the likelihood of repeated setbacks. This is partly because setbacks may reveal gaps in your coping strategies that existed from the beginning. Continuing to work with a mental health professional helps you address these gaps by developing healthy coping mechanisms that improve your response to future triggers or setbacks.
Getting Support Through ReachLink
If you experience a setback in your mental health journey, reaching out for professional support is a sign of strength, not weakness. ReachLink’s licensed therapists specialize in helping individuals navigate the complexities of recovery, including managing setbacks and overcoming the abstinence violation effect.
Our telehealth platform makes it convenient to connect with mental health professionals who understand that recovery isn’t linear. Through secure video sessions, we provide personalized support that acknowledges your individual circumstances and helps you develop resilience in the face of challenges.
Remember that seeking help after experiencing a setback doesn’t mean starting over—it means continuing your journey with additional insights and support. With compassionate guidance and evidence-based strategies, you can transform setbacks into opportunities for deeper healing and more sustainable recovery.
